Software engineering

Chapter -1

 Introduction to Software Engineering 

Generic view of process

1)What is software engineering? 

Ans: Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and work efficiently on real machines.

2)What are layers of Software engineering?

Ans:

a)A quality focus (It is the bedrock that supports software engineering process,any organization depends on its commitment to quality)

b)Process(It is the glue that holds different layers together and ensures rational and timely development of software,it defines framework for development of software)

c)Methods(It provide technical how to for building software,includes communication,requirement analysis,design modeling,program construction,testing and support)

d)Tools(It provides automated or semi-automated support for process and methods)

3)What is a process framework? 

Ans:A process framework establishes the foundation for software process by identifying small framework activities that are applicable to all projects regardless of their size and complexity(Umbrella activity)

Each framework activity is populated by a set of software engineering actions ,collection of related tasks that produces software work product.

The various generic process framework used are:

1)Communication

2)Planning

3)Modeling

3)Construction

4)Deployment

4)What are umbrella activities complimenting framework?

Ans:

a)Software project tracking and control

b)Risk management

c)Quality assurance

c)Formal technical reviews

d)Measurment

e)Software configuration management

f)Reusability management

g)Work product preparation and production

 

5)What is CMMI?

Ans:

CMMI stands for Capability maturity model integration developed by SEI(software engineering institute).It a comprehensive process meta - model  that is predicated on a set of system and software engineering capabilities that should be present as organization reach different level of process capability and maturity.

It is represented in teo ways:

a)as a continuous model 

b)as a staged model

6)What are different capability levels required by organization as described by CMMI?

Ans:

Level 0:incomplete->The process area is either not performed or does not achieve all goals and objectives defined by CMMI for level 1 capability.

Level 1:performed->All specific goals of process area has been satisfied. Works tasks required to produce defined work products are conducted.

Level 2:Managed->All level 1 criterion is satisfied.All works associated with process area conforms to organization defined policy,all people doing work have adequate resources to get the job done,stakeholders are actively involved to monitor ,control, and review work tasks.

Level 3:Defined->All level 2 criterion is achieved.The process is tailored from organization set of standard process according to organization tailoring guidelines, and contributes work products,measures, and other process improvement information to organization process assets.

 

Level 4:Quantitatively managed->All level 3 criterion is achieved.The process area is improved using measurement and quantitative assessment.

Quantitative objectives are established.

Level 5:Optimized->All level 4 criterion is achieved.The process area is adapted and optimized using quantitative means to meet changing customer needs and improve efficacy of process under consideration.

7)What are specific goals and specific practices defined for project planning? 

Sg 1: Establish estimates

         sp1:estimate scope of project.

         sp2:establish estimates of work products and tasks attributes.

         sp3:define project life cycle.

         sp4:determine estimate of effort and cost.

Sg 2 Develop project plans.

         sp1:establish budget schedule.

         sp2:identify project risks.

         sp3:plan for data management.

         sp4:plan for project resource.

         sp5:plan for needed knowledge and skills.

         sp6:plan stake holder investment.

         sp7:establish project plan.

Sg 3 Obtain commitment to plan 

         sp1:review plan that affect hte project

         sp2:reconcile work and resouce levels.

         sp3:obtain plan commitment.